Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, is known as Eastern Europe’s largest old town. It was named a European Capital of Culture in 2009 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The name Vilnius comes from the Lithuanian word "vilkas," meaning "wolf", which is why it is sometimes referred to as "The City of Wolves." It has been inhabited since prehistoric times, perhaps due to its location along the Vilnelė River.
Vilnius is located in southeastern Lithuania, relatively inland. It’s only 40 kilometers from the Belarusian border and is the largest city in Lithuania. While it's known as Europe's largest Baroque city, it also boasts Gothic, Renaissance, Neoclassical, and other architectural styles.
Throughout modern history, Vilnius was occupied by Poland, France, Germany, and the Soviet Union. This complex history has left a legacy of around 1,500 notable buildings, including more than 40 churches.
Vilnius was once known as “The Jerusalem of Lithuania” (Yerushalayim De Lita) due to its large Jewish population and as a center for the study of the Torah. It’s a melting pot of cultures and religions with Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish, and Islamic communities.
Vilnius' climate is a mix between continental and maritime. The winters are quite cold, with an average temperature of -4.9°C (23°F). Summer is the best time to travel, with a comfortable average temperature of about 20°C (68°F).
Here are ten must-see places in Vilnius:
1. Gediminas Tower and Museum
A visit to Vilnius is not complete without a walk through its old town. It’s one of Europe's largest medieval cities, with 70 streets and 1,487 buildings.
For a panoramic view of the city, visit Gediminas Tower, located on Gediminas Hill, at an elevation of 48 meters. The red brick octagonal tower was built in the 13th century by the Grand Duke of Lithuania on a hunting hill. Over time, the tower has witnessed many wars and renovations.
The Gediminas Museum is located inside the tower. The exterior is plain, but the interior is full of history. This is a great first stop in Vilnius.
Climbing Gediminas Hill offers a great view of the city.
2. The Gate of Dawn
The old city of Vilnius was once surrounded by nine gates. Now, only the Gate of Dawn, located on the southern edge of the old city, remains in good condition.
Built between 1503 and 1522, the Gate of Dawn is a symbol of the beginning of the day. It was initially constructed for defensive purposes. In the 17th century, a Catholic priest built a chapel on the upper part of the gate, which holds the Black Madonna icon. It is one of the most sacred icons in the Polish Catholic tradition.
The small chapel on the second floor is free to visit. Many people come here to pray, so visitors must be respectful.
In the evening, walking through the Gate of Dawn you can appreciate the beauty of the old city and its history.
3. St. Anne's Church
St. Anne's Church and Bernardine Church are two of the most iconic red brick structures in the Lithuanian capital. St. Anne's Church is 22 meters tall and 10 meters wide, built entirely of red bricks using 33 different shapes. The church has a majestic and harmonious atmosphere.
A Roman Catholic Church, its Gothic architectural style has made it a Vilnius landmark and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
It is said that Napoleon was so captivated by the church during his march eastward that he wanted to take it back to Paris. The complex structure, with a main tower and smaller spires, is stunning to look at.
4. Hill of Three Crosses
Every city seems to have a romantic spot, and for Vilnius, the Hill of Three Crosses has become a popular place for couples.
The three crosses were erected in 1916 to commemorate three martyred monks. They were destroyed by the Soviet government in 1950 but rebuilt in 1989, just before Lithuania gained its independence.
The white concrete crosses now stand 1.8 meters taller than they did in 1916. From the top of the hill, you can enjoy a panoramic view of the Vilnius Old Town.
5. Trakai Castle
The lakeside town of Trakai, a historically significant ancient capital, is located just 20 kilometers from Vilnius. Trakai is well known for having the only water castle in Eastern Europe.
The castle is very strategically significant in Lithuanian history. It was originally built by Duke Kęstutis in the 14th century. The main part of the castle was finished by his son, Vytautas the Great, around 1409.
The red brick castle is stunning. Although it is not that large, its structure is very sturdy. It has watchtowers, and a moat, allowing visitors to access the inner castle via a wooden bridge.
On a beautiful day, the blue lake, lush trees, and the red castle create an idyllic scene.
6. Vilnius University
The Vilnius University campus occupies a main part of the city’s old town, near the Vilnius Cathedral and Gediminas Castle.
The university is surrounded by Pilies Street and the Presidential Palace. The University is an architectural marvel that combines Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance, and Classical styles.
The winding corridors, archways, detailed reliefs, and green lawns create a warm and romantic atmosphere that takes you back to the time of the university's founding.
This university is the highest seat of learning in the humanities and natural sciences. The main campus, rector's office, and library are located in the city center, with the rest of the university located in a new campus on the outskirts of the city.
7. National Gallery of Art
Vilnians are passionate about art and deeply love their National Gallery of Art (known as NDG). It is located across the Neris River from the city center. The architecture of the museum is modern, contrasting with other buildings in the city.
NDG was once a museum of revolution but was later converted into a contemporary art gallery.
Its permanent exhibition includes 20th-century Lithuanian art and contemporary art. The museum bookstore is excellent, and the restaurant boasts a beautiful riverside view and a changing weekly European menu.
Enjoying a European meal after visiting an exhibition is a good way to spend the afternoon.
8. Užupis Republic
The Republic of Užupis, located in Vilnius’ Old Town, is like a micro-nation.
Užupis means "the other side of the river," referring to the area surrounded by the Vilnelė River. It declared itself an independent republic on April Fools' Day in 1997. It has its own flag, constitution, and other symbols.
While not recognized by any government, it has become an artist hub with art galleries, workshops, and cafes. The bohemian atmosphere is similar to Montmartre in Paris. The mayor of Vilnius, Artūras Zuokas, often participates in events organized by the Republic of Užupis.
If you enjoy art, take a walk around this district and appreciate its unique and local style.
9. Hot Air Balloon Ride
Vilnius is one of the few cities in Europe that permits hot air balloons to fly over the city center. The old town is very scenic, and the natural environment is ideal for a hot air balloon ride.
When the weather is good, you'll see many hot air balloons floating over the city, adding a romantic touch.
Hot air balloon tours are available inside the city center, with a guide, but you must make a reservation and be prepared for an early start. Hot air balloon rides are a popular place to propose marriage, although it may be pricey.
10. Restaurant Amandus
Restaurant Amandus is consistently rated as one of the best restaurants in Vilnius. Chef Deivydas Praspaliauskas is an award-winning and experienced chef.
Amandus focuses on high-quality food and service in a relaxed atmosphere.
Inspired by Scandinavian culinary style, Deivydas is committed to using local and seasonal ingredients, while creating innovative dishes that are both visually appealing and delicious.
The restaurant has a seating capacity of 25 people and 50 in the cellar. It is a great place to go if you enjoy fine dining.